ISTIBSHAR: Journal of Islamic Education and Learning is committed to preserving the integrity of the scholarly record pursuant to COPE Retraction Guidelines.

1. Errata & Corrigenda:

• Erratum: Issued for notable publisher-introduced production errors that impede reader comprehension.
• Corrigendum: Published to rectify inadvertent factual errors identified by authors that do not compromise the foundational findings of the paper.

2. Retraction Protocols:

Formal retractions will be executed under substantiated circumstances of:

• Demonstrably unreliable findings resulting from major error, data manipulation, or falsification;
• Substantial plagiarism, duplicate publication, or copyright infringement;
• Grave ethical violations, including unauthorized research involving human subjects.

Retracted manuscripts remain accessible on the journal platform to maintain bibliographical transparency, watermarked prominently as "RETRACTED" on all PDF pages, alongside a formal Retraction Notice.