IDENTIFIKASI DAN MASALAH PERUMUSAN KEBIJAKAN

Abstract

The effectiveness of public policy is largely determined by the accuracy of problem identification and formulation at the early stages of the policy process. In practice, however, many policies in Indonesia encounter serious challenges as public problems are often defined partially, influenced by political interests, and lack sufficient public participation. This study aims to analyze the mechanisms of problem identification in public policy, explore the common obstacles encountered, and propose more effective strategies to improve the problem-formulation stage. The research employs a library research method, drawing from books, scholarly articles, policy documents, and relevant studies discussing the dynamics of policy problem identification and formulation. The findings indicate that problem identification in Indonesia remains reactive, heavily shaped by political rather than technocratic factors, and insufficiently inclusive of public involvement. These barriers have led to policies that are frequently misaligned with societal needs and lack sustainability. The study concludes that improvements are required through strengthening evidence-based data utilization, expanding public participation in problem formulation, and establishing continuous evaluation mechanisms, so that problem identification can become more responsive, inclusive, and adaptive to social dynamics.